Showing posts with label Jordan Peele. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Jordan Peele. Show all posts

Holy Spirit On High: Nope

In the following piece critics Scout Tafoya and Tucker Johnson take a look at Jordan Peele's Nope.

Scout Tafoya: When you live in a colonizing state, and you look like the people who founded it, everything you say carries with it a kind of privilege, even if you criticize the state. Straight white Americans have a responsibility with which almost none of them are prepared to fully grapple; every word you put out into the world is because of generations of trauma visited on everyone who isn’t like you. It’s easy for me to say I like many of the artifacts of colonialism - like, say, rock and roll music, the clothes I wear, or more to the point, westerns - without either feeling the need to or understanding why there is a need to examine how these things would up so easily accessible in my own life. Whether or not every single white consumer of media should be literate in the ways that power structures and one-way violence paved the way for much of what we consume every day (mostly by reflex at this point; most viewing is a passive experience today, thanks to corporate superstructures making so much of it that it’s almost impossible to imagine not seeing a colonialist narrative just sitting around your house bored, going to a bar, or getting a haircut) is a question I don’t think anyone thinks I should be answering (it's no, though. Everyone should be curious, everyone should research the history of how everything wound up in your house, no one should float through life unawares until we all can), but suffice it to say more than enough people disagree with me that when a movie like Jordan Peele’s third feature Nope hits theaters, there is a certain kind of engagement it demands and I don’t think enough people are prepared to or want to meet it head on. When you and I saw this movie, you said you’d overheard two people leaving the theatre and scowling. “Well that was his worst one!” 

I’ve read reviews dedicated to picking apart the plot holes, which to me seems unfair and hostile unless you're doing that to every real movie, and I’ve read responses that complain in good faith about the thematic coherence of the piece. It’s again, perhaps not the place of a white viewer to ask why people are so skeptical of a black western, but then maybe it is the job of every viewer to examine bias in order to really place a movie like Nope in its historical continuity. All around the set Peele gives us clues what he’s up to, from the posters of Sidney Poitier westerns like Buck and the Preacher to the clip of Eadweard Muybridge’s black cowboy, something like the first photographic subject to move across three brilliant, exciting frames, setting up the film’s anti-capitalist through line. Keke Palmer’s Emerald Haywood introduces the idea of the rider as a man presented to the world in a landmark feat of photographic technology, the first time man was brought to life on a screen, to to speak, but he was made anonymous in service of the technology itself. Much as most of the history of the west is not talked about in body counts but rather in products afforded by slavery and genocide. “Molasses to rum”, as the song goes. 

If you don’t know that one, it’s from 1776, a musical written by Harlem-born white composer Sherman Edwards. Theatre scholar Anne Potter suggests that 1776 is a more vicious attack on the founding fathers than something like Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton because of a number like “Molasses to Rum” in which slave owning senator John Rutledge conducts an imaginary slave auction. In his original draft, rather than having a New England delegate demand that Rutledge stop the distasteful display, he actually gets up and puts a bid in. Either way it’s damning, because for all their high flown liberal ideas, slavery wasn’t struck down in the constitution. Everyone profited from it. Sherman Edwards had lived through Hiroshima, the turning back of Jews at Ellis Island fleeing the Holocaust, the end of Jim Crow, and, as the show was getting ready to hit broadway, the Nixon administration, he’d seen white America’s evolved attitudes. Maybe a musical with an all white cast of characters in a room deciding the fate of the world wasn’t what the world needed but it was at least an honest accounting of what happens. I don’t remember anything about 1776 except “Molasses to Rum.” 

The message of hypocrisy, of white men in rooms making the world, unfortunately it doesn’t ever become obsolete, because it’s still happening. There’s a straight line from that song to where we sit right now, in the hottest weather the planet’s ever recorded, unable to leave our houses for more than a few minutes at a time while police budgets skyrocket and the unhoused die on our streets. A tonic then, to see a movie that accepts the truth of the world (a room full of fidgety, obtuse white people making the rules starts the film in three ways - by spooking a horse named Lucky, a chimp named Gordy, and by keeping the Haywood family in thrall to poorly paying jobs), and then sets off in search of something new. It isn’t content, the way a work like Hamilton is, or Ari Aster’s Midsommar to pick a more recent generic offering, to show you what you’ve seen before with new faces. I think now of Ishmael Reed’s Toni Morison-funded rebuttal of Hamilton, The Haunting of Lin-Manuel Miranda, which took both the musical’s author and Charles Dickens and went looking for contemporary language to describe a world completely at odds with its own history. Miranda sought to bring history to a new generation by making the faces of slavery more relatable, to Disney them into palatability. Reed sought to bring centuries of anger into a modern vernacular using a monocultural touchstone as its center. Peele has done the same thing with Nope; taking on a failing Hollywood establishment using its own language (the blockbuster, and its subversive antagonist: the quick cash-in) and made something new out of it. 

So maybe the start of the arguments on a movie like Nope is: is it enough to invert old ideas? Because that seems to be all any directors seems interested in doing (Aster takes The Wicker Man and turns it into a Rorschach blot of modern anxieties, weighted down with an “important” length of three hours to ensure it doesn’t just feel like leftovers) and frequently this isn’t done with the same gusto and talent as someone like Peele. Nope’s genre heritage can be traced back to Jaws, even if its roots go back to Muybridge, Bass Reeves, Herb Jeffries, Spencer Williams, and Sidney Poitier. After all when the camera was invented and reinvented, the American west still looked like it would later in John Ford movies. Black cowboys were in abundance in the old west, even if movies about black cowboys weren’t and still aren’t. Bass Reeves, the black sheriff famous for reading scripture to runaway fugitives and converting most of them in the process, was lately a character in Jeymes Samuel’s similarly revisionist The Harder They Fall, a film literally about the color missing from most Westerns (it’s one of the most visually splendid films from the last few years - a rebuttal to Tarantino's slavery-fixated Django Unchained). Like Nope, and like another new western The Good Lord Bird (based on a book by James McBride and directed by Albert Hughes, Darnell Martin, and Kevin Hooks among others) The Harder They Fall aims, if not to replace traditional western imagery, then to complicate it, to turn it inside out, to hotwire it in the name of making heroes out of black cowboys. To make new images out of the dust of old ones (literally in one of Nope’s stunning final tableaux). Before we get into the particular imagistic victories of Nope, that’s the question I want to ask you: is it enough for a film to just give us new images? While we were making The End of History you politely tolerated me screaming about the need for new images for weeks and weeks and while I think we’re basically on the same page about it, but, I do want to know: what is important for a new work of art to be and to say? New ideas? New cliches? New versions of old cliches? New sights? New sounds? Why did you walk out of Nope as high on it as I did?

Tucker Johnson: I’m really sorry for how I’m going to start. There’s an Aziz Ansari joke (I KNOW) titled "Are White People Psyched All the Time?" In which he tells a story of being interviewed and is asked the question “are you psyched about all this Slumdog Millionaire stuff? Aziz essentially says “yes I may be Indian but believe it or not I had nothing to do with the movie. Wait are white people psyched all the time?! Back to the Future? That’s us! Godfather? That’s us!" The list goes on. Jordan Peele isn’t the first black filmmaker (though the way people talk about him, on some days you could be forgiven for thinking that's how people see him) but I think he appeared in a lightning-in-a-bottle moment in time where movies almost entirely populated by actors of color were (to the surprise of no one who’d been paying attention) getting everyone off the couch and into the theater. These weren't just niche genre films (Set It Off, Barbershop, Blood In Blood Out) or polite dramas (Saving Face, The Joy Luck Club, The Wood, Waiting to Exhale), these were blockbusters with the fullness of studio PR machines behind them (Get Out, Crazy Rich Asians, Black Panther, Coco). Yes each one of Peele’s films is racially motivated in an allegorical sense and critics and audiences alike love to pat themselves on the back while they publicly recognize that they understand what the films are about. I don’t even want to think about how many dinner parties and barrooms were filled exclusively with white people talking about race in America after Get Out took over the public consciousness for a little while. I also don’t want to condemn that idea though. Getting people talking and thinking about ideas they may not have before is one of art’s most powerful effects.

All of this to get around to answering your initial question. No, it isn’t enough to have good images. Movies are stories first and foremost and I think without a good story a movie is doomed to fail. Just as an exercise let’s remove race from Nope’s premise and it becomes "A family that owns a struggling horse stunt and wrangling business that’s been working for Hollywood for decades suddenly sees an opportunity to quell some of their financial troubles when the idea of capturing an alien on camera becomes a possibility." If instead of a trailer for Nope they just read that sentence to you would you want to see it? I can’t answer for you but I would certainly be interested. I like movies with aliens. I like movies about Hollywood and moviemaking. I love pretty much any movie that features horses prominently. In a lot of ways Nope is tailor made for me based on those story beats alone. And I think ultimately that’s where Jordan Peele is on some level a genius. Even though each of his films has a lot to say about being black in America he doesn’t start there. Honestly, because he doesn’t have to. He is black and he is in America. Those details are going to be in his work even if he purposefully worked against their inclusion. He starts with a question I really don’t think too many filmmakers ask themselves or maybe they aren’t allowed to ask themselves anymore: Is this a good story? Does the story stay interesting from scene to scene? Are the characters interesting and believable people? Will general audiences care what happens to them? I firmly believe this is the beginning of Peele’s process. I think that’s why Nope is being viewed by so many critics through Spielberg-tinted glasses. Whether or not a Spielberg film is about more than what’s on the page is irrelevant. Spielberg’s good movies are good because you can answer yes to all the questions I asked above about them. So are Peele's. 

In a class at Emerson that I don’t remember we did an exercise where the professor asked the class the following: in a movie what’s more important, the visuals or the audio? Weird question for sure but the answer morphs the longer you think about it. The knee jerk response would of course be visuals right? Film is, after all, a visual medium. But let me complicate the question – what would you rather watch: a movie with pristine visuals but audio so garbled you can’t make out a single word any character says (and there are no subtitles) or a movie with visuals that are fuzzy but every word spoken is clear? Even then you may still say visuals but I think saying so is assuming the film is directed with enough care that what’s on the screen and the actor’s blocking is enough to convey the film’s meaning and premise. Let’s go a step further. Think about found footage horror. Movies with visuals that are purposefully meant to look muddy or pixelated. At least in the Hollywood produced entries in this genre, you don’t struggle to hear what characters are saying unless a scene or sequence requires it. I’m probably beating a dead horse (maybe one of the ones Jean Jacket, our extra-terrestrial, absorbs in Nope) but I want my answer to your question to be firm. Visuals aren’t enough. Neither is audio. Film is a medium of so many essential parts functioning together in harmony. It’s why most movies aren’t satisfying. Even if one or a few of those parts stop working the whole project falls apart. It’s why even with Sam Raimi’s eye behind the camera (or as much as he was allowed to be) the new Doctor Strange was a mess of gobbledygook. Too much of the action on screen was contingent on knowing hours upon hours of lore presented in other Marvel films and tv shows. I’m not even passing judgement on the movie. That’s just bad storytelling. 

Every story should be able to stand on its own legs without any cliff notes or a works cited page. I think for that to happen movies just need to good dammit. Yes of course there are enormously popular and successful movies and tv series that aren’t actually very good. But I think the works that really do stand the test of time are able to do so because the stories work like fables. They’re exciting, or terrifying or hysterical to anyone who hears them regardless of social class, race or religion. When you boil all that BS away what you have left are human beings and we all want to be entertained. Human’s don’t pass down our history verbally anymore. We do so visually with film and tv and the ones you’re going to have on a shelf in your house, the ones you’re going to watch with friends and loved ones over and over again are the ones that resonate with you on a human level. Jordan Peele’s true skill is his ability to tell you a story about being human. He forces you to engage and empathize with a family that’s having trouble putting food on the table. That’s struggling to keep their loving father’s life’s work afloat. He establishes these ideas early on and we’re hooked. So when the story begins to show us how much their situation has to do with being black in America we (white people, people who may not know what it’s like to run a failing business, people who ride and love horses, people who don’t deal with condescending rich people every day, people who haven’t lost a parent, people who may or may not be interested in the future of filmmaking) are easily able to follow the bouncing ball. We see ourselves in people that might not necessarily look like us and suddenly we understand each other.

ST: I think you’re right that the tension between the dinner party liberals and your typical “release new, no matter who” moviegoer may be why Peele has succeeded as much as he has. Peele’s fans get it (black audiences who likely see in Kaluuya’s frustration with the establishment as it appears in both Get Out and Nope the same reactions they’ve had to ten thousand micro aggressions from whites of every stripe), Peele’s “fans” want to get it (people who, and I mean we have to be willing to admit we fall into this category a little to move forward, want to be able to tell people they loved and understood his work - though frankly as he moves away from the more cleanly allegorical into the more abstruse mythologizing he’s been up to the last two films, the herd might thin), and people who want to be able to say they don’t think this week’s new release and talking point is all it's cracked up to be. And then there are just people who want to think about and talk about movies. Peele’s popularity has only ever made sense, even if it was a little funny to see a cast member from Children’s Hospital become an Oscar winning sensation. He’s giving everybody what they want or what they think they want, and he’s just cagey enough about it that all of us will fill in the blanks about his intentions. Smart and savvy. 

I see (if I obviously have trouble with) what you mean about stories, which I think is why I’m so frequently out of step with modern audiences and a lot of other critics. I usually don’t care what’s happening or why. I don’t listen to music for the lyrics and I don’t watch movies for the screenplay. Having said that, it is worth noting that good filmmakers, confident filmmakers, can make me care. I’m not completely stone faced in front of comedies staring at the visuals or anything. I like laughing! I like being scared! I like jumping up and down in my seat. I mean you and I are like little kids when we see movies that move us (Matrix Resurrections, West Side Story, Ambulance, and now Nope, to name some recent examples). I want to be moved. I love being transformed by a movie, why else would I pay 45 dollars for the privilege. When you spend theatre prices and get betrayed by a movie primarily aiming to outsmart you (like Alex Garland’s unfortunate Men) you’re likely to be mad. I left my house for this? Found and paid for parking, bought a 20 dollar concession in the lobby, put up with a whole theatre not wearing masks? For this confounded horseshit? 

So yes I like to like movies, but I’m also, as I’m sure any casual observer will have noticed, cursed with standards. Not high standards, by any means, just peculiar ones. I want a movie to have imperative images, and I want to react to it. On its face that doesn’t sound hard, but so few movies (released in theaters, I should say) seem interested in provoking those reactions. If I like Nope it's because its rewarding to obsess over but also and importantly it’s because I was scared, I laughed, I was entertained, I punched the air, I jumped up and down in my seat. But it wasn’t until I saw Peele deliberately talking to me, the fed-up genre fan, in the climax that I knew I was watching a new favorite. Our villain is elevated horror. There may be metaphors aplenty, there may be economic hardship and traumas to overcome, but this is a movie about spectacle, about what happens next, about what’s on screen. When I saw that Peele was specifically attacking “elevated horror” of the sort made by Aster, Garland, and a lot of the A24 bench, by having his monster not be an idea but rather simply a big, empty THING in the sky, a literal elevated horror, that’s when I knew I had my answer. A good film, a great film maybe, and made by someone who is aware of an audience’s needs. If indeed what you say is true that a film needs to be a compellingly told story when stripped to bare essentials, Peele has done that as far as I'm concerned. 

But of course there’s always more to it than that. The pleasures abound. The Jesus Lizard t-shirt, the diegetic Corey Hart remix, the images of Kaluuya, clad in brilliant orange emerging from nowhere to stand in deliberate tableaux evoking and striding past the images we see of the American west (represented by a beautiful shot of Keith David looking like Herb Jeffries in Harlem Rides the Range - also deliberate; it isn’t symmetrical, though it should be, thus we’re alerted to the fact that something is off in this calculous of the cowboy - sitting on a horse with a Stetson in the opening), the frequent anime cribs, and so much more. There are close-ups of Kaluuya here that tell me that Peele has been watching a lot of Khalik Allah, whose own ethnographic work occasionally borders on horror. I also loved that, while yes, it’s clear that he’s making something of a Jaws homage (complete with Quint figure in Michael Wincott, one of the best and most distinct actors on the planet, playing an ornery cinematographer named Antlers; a reference no doubt to Peele’s own Get Out), I like that he seems to be playing as much with the notion of Jaws as a kind of mirror held up to the less auspicious corners of pop culture. Antlers, after all, also evokes The White Buffalo, J. Lee Thompson’s lightly psychedelic Jaws cash-in starring Charles Bronson and Will Sampson. And what is Steven Yuen's wild west rodeo if not a cheap cash-in next to the hand-cranked Imax spectacular the Haywoods cook up on the other side of the canyon? The stark California landscape evokes the stomping ground of The Car, in which a Sataned-up hot rod with no driver stalks its prey on lonely back roads. And what is Jean Jacket but a car with no driver? Every conceivable audience got their own Jaws back in the late 70s…except for, you could argue, audiences looking for a movie with black heroes not speaking the words of white screenwriters. Peele likely noticed that no such film existed. Now it does. 

The idea of a Quint character is a poignant one even now because any man willing to die in pursuit of a trophy has left one long, empty life behind them. And even people who’ve lived full lives can still relate to a Quint character; everyone has once been obsessed by something that got away. Nope is about people who realize they’re on a fast track to oblivion with no help coming, and as Kaluuya says, “I can’t fire me.” People are becoming obsolete, just like animals and old machines. Lucky proves his worth as much as Kaluuya’s wrangler and Wincott’s old hand-cranked camera when the chips are down. Everyone here proves their worth as they would on a John Ford cavalry picture, another connection this has to the old west beyond the equestrian obvious. Nope is a fun film to imagine having been made in other eras because its ideas. Sequences, and characters are so rich, even if the film speaks a 21st century vernacular. Ward Bond or maybe George Macready as Antlers, or later young Mario Van Peebles or Bokeem Woodbine or even Jeffries himself as OJ. It slots itself into American picture history so neatly while providing credible competition to the most exciting of the films of yesterday without ever being purely satisfied with gesturing towards them. Sure the finale is right out of Moby Dick or Jaws, but the build up is one thrilling and mysterious set piece after another. And, thankfully, plenty for the eye. How about you? What really stood out to you about Nope

TJ: I certainly don’t want to walk back everything I said before about the importance of story but your focus on images is honestly where I start as well. If a film’s palette doesn’t agree with me, and I don’t have a set criteria for what that agreement looks like, I find it really hard to engage with. That visual experience begins the moment the movie starts and a lot of the time I have gut reaction before I meet a single character or learn anything about where the story might take me.

I think it’s because a film that takes time and care to make sure its visual language is thoughtful makes me trust the filmmaker (and entire crew). Once I know they are willing to put the technical work in I’m more willing to go for whatever ride they want to take me on narratively.

What specifically stood out to me is how Peele builds a mystique out of familiar imagery by tweaking things just a tad to fit them into his own sensibility. I think Nope’s teaser trailer is a perfect illustration of what I mean. You have Keke Palmer delivering her monologue about Eadweard Muybridge’s Horse in Motion, Kaluuya asking “what’s a bad miracle” and “they got a word for that?” and other than Palmer shouting “Run!” that’s all there is for dialogue. All the hype and tension is built on beautiful, sometimes off-kilter images. Gorgeous night and day shots of Kaluuya riding on or near horses. The fields full of inflatable tube people. The horse in the glass case at Yeun’s western show. The TMZ reporter on a motorcycle with the mirror helmet. Change any single detail about these images and they may not have the same mysterious quality to them. The first teaser for The Force Awakens had a similar feel. The trailer left you with almost no knowledge of what the film was going to be about. The difference here, and the genius of Peele and whoever else had a hand in cutting the Nope teaser, is that nearly all of them actually play heavily into the film. We’re getting these gorgeous, strange images with no context and we’re still excited at the prospect of what’s to come because what we’re seeing is so arresting.

Watching the teaser back having now actually seen the film is a whole new experience. Seeing the TMZ reporter’s helmet immediately makes me think of the early scene where they turn a light around right in front of Lucky and it scares the horse. I love that Peele uses the mirror as this symbol of antagonism both by the crew in the opening and by the TMZ reporter.

Yeun pulling the curtain off the glass horse paddock is another incredible image. It’s so strange without context but seeing in now and knowing the case was designed so that the audience could best see the horse doesn’t cheapen the visual at all. Peele could have used any kind of enclosure for the horse but the one he went with is the most attention grabbing. But that case also factors in heavily to the plot. It protects Lucky during that great scene where Kaluuya almost gets swallowed by Jean Jacket.

There’s a brief shot of the woman that Gordy maimed looking up into the sky, the veil that covers her wounded face moving just enough so that we can see it and be alarmed. Without context we wonder what is happening to this woman. Is the alien doing something to her? Knowing what actually happened to her only adds weight to her inclusion in the trailer. Yeun's broken showbiz lifer keeps that woman close and in so doing hinders his own ability to deal with the trauma from his youth. There’s even a shot of the bloody fist bump in the trailer which without context might be an alien’s hand rather than a chimpanzee’s.

Even the most marketed image of the movie, the string of colored flags dangling from the dark maw in the sky makes me weak in the knees. The flags help add scale to the image by connecting something familiar to something otherworldly. We see how big whatever that thing in the sky is and we’re terrified. And we haven’t even seen the movie yet.

I just love that Peele kind of gives us all the answers if we just know where to look. But of course without seeing the movie we have no idea where to begin searching for understanding of what we’re seeing and I think that’s brilliant. It makes me want to rush to the theater and figure out what all of these beautiful images mean. It makes me want to see it again right now.

ST: The teaser is excellent and kind of puts paid to the idea of the early cinema talk in the movie itself. Pretend you only have any given three seconds of an audience’s time, are you using it well? Are you guiding them to the next image? Are you taking your audience seriously? I mean, true nerd that I am, I couldn’t help but be moved by the recreation of a Muybridge three-second Zoopraxograph at the climax, but Peele knows that seconds count. Hence Holst looking at images right out of Jean PainlevĂ© on his Steenbeck, unmoved by a young filmmaker until he sees a way into their story. History will always repeat but it won’t always be interesting. Holst wants to make sure he’s going to see something more than literally what’s right in front of him; the history of images, of one big animal eating another. 

It’s funny you mention the trauma bonding, because I like that the film treats Yuen’s journey as a cautionary tale rather than as the central metaphor. I think a lesser film would have made Yuen’s character the hero, thereby making the conquering of trauma the most important journey in the movie. Yuen does marvelous things (his monologue about SNL is an immediate hall-of-famer piece of writing and acting) with a part written for Jesse Plemons, who had to duck out to make another western, and by putting someone so charismatic in the part and by giving his origin story so much centrality up front Peele is throwing us off the scent of the endgame while laying the groundwork for the film’s most important idea: nature will not act just because you call “action.” Life will not follow a script. Yuen’s character thought he had the magic touch, that because he was the lone survivor of a deadly mishap, he can be the one to tame some other unknowable force. Funny to think we got a sixth interminable Jurassic Park movie this year that has to have Jeff Goldblum say all that out loud every ten minutes because the producers trust their audience like they would a dog to park their car. Peele trusts us, though maybe he shouldn’t, we’re getting dumber and more flamboyantly persnickety all the time. 

People are already complaining that Kaluuya’s mumbling affect in this is un-charismatic, especially when compared to his work in Get Out (which is…I mean, how do you type that/say that out loud and not feel like one of the white characters in Get Out?), but he’s doing a specific character type (leave your house sometime, you’ll meet him) and he’s doing it with perfectly calibrated humor and coiled body language. Even more so than his psychopathic henchmen in the superior Widows, OJ Haywood is one of the great portraits of a kind of wry, modern sarcasm. There’s obviously meant to be a little deconstructed John Wayne (we are in a Western, after all), but there has to be a little of Roy Scheider’s hungover Chief Brody from Jaws in the offing as well. He’s magnetic throughout, but I think you and I both loved the bit where he’s trapped in a truck, aware that he’s being watched from above. It’s a kind of mirror of the scene in The Car where Jennifer Salt is yelling at the demon mobile because she knows it won’t attack her and the scene in Close Encounters of the Third Kind where Richard Dreyfuss is trapped in his truck during the first alien visitation (or later when Mel Gibson has an alien in a closet in M. Night Shyamalan's Signs, with which Nope shares a few key ideas and chromosomes). Except, just as Salt and Dreyfuss represent modernity as it was being explored in the 1970s, Kaluuya’s wryness reaches back and touches early western pragmatism (“That’ll be the day,”) and links it to contemporary vernacular (“Nope…nah nah nah.”). Everybody looks up and sees god and says "Nope," but can't help but want to meet him anyway. 

Though I also like that though the movie only says so silently (in repeated visual flashbacks), OJ’s quest to break Jean Jacket is not just one thing. It’s a way to make sense of his father’s passing, sure, but more than that it’s proving his worth to himself and to the memory of his father. He’s going to prove that though the universe is taking everything from him, his farm, his job, his family, his home, he won’t let it go without the kind of fight he knows how to put up. But I’ll say this, too, none of this would matter if the film weren’t exciting to watch minute to minute and I was rapt the entire time. Take the climax of Midsommar as a counterpoint. I just don’t see how it’s satisfying or exciting to watch, in silence, as Florence Pugh’s character is given the choice to let her boyfriend live or die, then we watch slowly and painstakingly as they put him in a barn, fill the barn with hay, burn the barn down, and then watch her react to it. That film presumes you’re still paying attention and care after 180 long minutes. Nope, without being cute or cloying about it, continues to earn your attention. And like you, I can’t wait to go back and give it more of mine. 

Brettney and I. Us.

"I was so worried you had changed. You didn't call me 'kid' when you walked in." She was the most fragile I'd ever seen anyone. Tremor in her voice, uncertain about her grip on her glass. We drank coffee and talked about Rachel. She'd been sleeping in Rachel's bedroom and 'talking' to her through tarot cards. Rachel had died a few weeks ago and Brettney had come down for the service. Her medications had interacted with her body chemistry in such a way that she looked like a different person completely from the last time I'd seen her in person. But her eyes were the same. They were intense and hard and narrow but they were hers. She died yesterday. In two days it will be her birthday. I can't feel her heartbeat when I close my eyes. 



I don't know what happened to her yet. I want to know and I don't. When we learned about Rachel it didn't make it easier. Brett had been struck harder with depression and feelings of unworthiness than just anyone I'd ever known. It was a hard change from the person I met in Boston in 2010. Back then she was effervescent, bouncing across whatever room she was in to joke with whoever would get the joke she was stuck on. She was irresistible company and I didn't know anyone with a bad word to say about her. I met her through Tim Earle and Jay Lewis and I knew right away she was going to be one of my artistic soul mates. I asked her to be in movies as often as I was making them but only got her in one. She's in my cannibal film Diana and she plays a victim of Alexandra Maiorino's character. The character also suffers from feeling alienated from everything and unworthy of human connection. She can't find a way to just be with someone as obviously lovely and approachable and talkative as the character Brettney plays. That's how bad things are. And that's how bad things would get. Brettney Young lights the film like a 50,000 watt par can. She's what I see when I think of the movie.


I tell her about our mutual friend Tucker Johnson who has a girlfriend with children and she looks stunned. "That doesn't sound like him." "Well he's exactly the same. We text literally every day." "Ok, good. You made him sit in a bathtub with me and film me covered in blood. Feel like I looked into his soul that night, it'd kill me if he changed." Too much around her had changed. She no longer lived in Boston but in Canada with a boyfriend who did his best trying to keep her together. I get the feeling a lot of us tried but you can't quite beat the part of someone that urges them to hate the space they occupy. John if you're reading this I know you did your best and I thank you for that. She was riddled with feelings of unease and separation, texted me all the time in the months after Rachel's death telling me how much people were winding her up. She hated white men's opinion on art and culture, I don't know how she tolerated mine. She tells me she not so secretly hopes for the day when we're both single so we can get married. I blush and roll my eyes. She laughs at me. I'd give anything to be able to relive that morning now. She tells me she was surprised she and Rachel never slept together. I was, too. They loved each other so much.

We text and message each other on Facebook and call. "Things are alright. They weren't for a bit but now it's trending up...existential drag is real. You're too much like me, stretching yourself thin all over the place(s) haha...I think somehow we are the same person." That's from our last text message conversation. I say I'm glad things are looking up. She says after rock bottom they have to. She stole and crashed a car, she says. I joke that at least it's a good story. I don't know what else to say. I want to help her but she lives in some Canadian backwater. She delights in telling me that her town has a monument dedicated to "The Victims of Communism." I can't just go get her. None of us can. None of us do. And now we'll never be able to.

At breakfast that morning she tells me she wants to be a film critic. I tell her it's a terrible idea but if she starts writing I'd find her pieces a home. She wanted to write about Adam Sandler. I told her there was absolutely a market for that kind of thing and her eyes lit up. As practice we started up a conversation in messenger about Jordan Peele's Us, which we both loved. We'd done this once before when talking about Django Unchained and it was one of the most fun conversations I'd ever had. I knew things would be different we'd just both suffered an incredible loss and movies were now about the only thing in common we could use to get over it. We couldn't hang out, but we could see the same movies. We always talked about movies. And for a time I called her kid. I stopped calling anyone kid because I did it once too often to someone who won't talk to me ever again and the word makes me sick to my stomach now. I didn't want to get sick when I thought about Brettney. I wanted to just see her on the set of Diana, in a towel covered in fake blood just giggling and brightening the room. She glowed. She was unlike anyone I ever met. 

Me: What do you think about the state of black film art right now and why did you enjoy Us? I can answer the latter but I feel like our answer to that question is going to be informed by the first question. Do you see yourself reflected in North American media? If so: who captures you?

Brettney: Firstly, I definitely want to acknowledge that I am mixed race, and was raised by a non-black woman. I'd also like to say that she showed me the movie Bamboozled when I was around 10 years old and it changed my life forever. I was steeped mildly in black culture as a child, and I am looking to find my place and my way back to it in any way I can. I do not, and will not, speak for all black people and their ideas of how they are being reflected in the media. I can only speak to my own experience, and I feel that my journey specifically has been tied largely to North American film and music. As a very young child, spending time with my abusive father helped me deeply relate to movies like Boyz n the Hood, Hardball, and Friday because it was so close to the life I lived, and the lives my father and brothers lived. So I would say that's definitely the foundation to my experience as a black person living in North America and seeing my life represented in film. At the same time, I completely respect and love specifically the movie Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood, because the for me, the Wayans brothers were the first Black writers to address the fact that in Hollywood, all "black movies" are the same. White audiences love to pornographically exploit the death and hardship of black folx because that is what white supremacy dictates. But for the Wayans brothers to write a movie specifically for black people who want to laugh and want to take pride and joy in themselves and their lives was definitely a pivotal point for me, and I think for people of color in the film industry who had been catering to white audiences since they were forcibly brought to the Americas in chains. Bamboozled explores this very dichotomy and I'm glad to have seen it when I did. And to understand the difference of the performance of being black and the reality of living black.

Me: Racial performance is something white people at best can get a superficial understanding of - in the same way we know what racism looks like but we’ll never truly experience it. You can’t be fully excluded if you feel and have reinforced a centuries old cultural dominance. Racist rhetoric is a helpful reminder that what white people imagine to be discrimination is actually a perfectly logical squaring of accounts. A yearning for equality or at most, a tipping of the scales in favor of a group as large as white People but less economically and politically powerful becomes, in the hands of the imaginarily aggrieved, an issue of replacement. Tells you everything you need to know about the depth of understanding. Of course that’s #notallWhitePeople but no culture that thinks it can meaningfully state the ideology and have it be picked up by cable news (whoops) can fully grip what someone else goes through. We just can’t.

Part of the reason that I for so long went out of my way to make a big deal of my indigenous heritage is because I wanted to try to understand what it was like not to be me as the world sees me. My 'performance' of another culture will never, however, erase my whiteness, which is something I learned just as quickly as I started talking up my ‘diverse’ background. Which finally brings us back to the film industry and my role as a consumer and critic of it. I might imagine that my understanding of another person’s life can help me know what it means to see black art on movie screens but all I can is project. Well that’s not true - I can know that it is always important for non-white voices to make it to the audiences that Jordan Peele makes it to. And then once I’ve celebrated because it is not nothing that Jordan Peele in ten years went from more marginal indie comedian a la Jason Mantzoukis or Paul Scheer to household name to Oscar-heralded writer/director of horror films. It is in fact, a huge deal. Once I’ve celebrated that, then I can celebrate that this man given this platform made a film that plays for audiences who know who Marcus Garvey is and those who don’t, if I’m not being too glib.

The astonishment I experienced watching Us for the first time was both at the swiftness and sureness with which Peele develops the notion of performance, and then Doubling back to make sure that even without digging too deep beneath the gorgeous surface the film is still a suitable carnival ride. Us, I feel confident saying, has to appeal to some part of your brain. Don’t like what it says, surely you can dig the atmosphere of dread, the frightening choreography, the tone of deep, unforgiving red that dominates the color scheme, the beautifully mannered performance of normality given by the four adult leads, or even the top 40 needle drops. Peele has played a risky game making a movie whose true thematic significance was bound to sail over a ton of heads in the audience and it looks like it paid off. Whether that’s more because the film is as smart as it looks or because he’s just so good at the nuts and bolts of horror filmmaking is irrelevant: the film took all the money in the world. I think that’s a heartening sign but I’m willing to admit I’m overeager for black directors to take horror away from pretentious white boys with criterion channel subscriptions. They’ve forgotten how to scare people.

Brettney: Hehe, "white boys with criterion channel subscriptions who've forgotten how to scare people." Wink wink. Anyways, I think what you said about the "issue of replacement" is a truly magically realist existence that Jordan Peele, among other black actors and directors (Ava Duvernay, DeRon Horton, Lupita Nyong'o, etc) where blackness itself is at the center of the movie, and therefore the center of the universe as created by X black storyteller or director. Jordan Peele really seems to be exploring in Us - and in a totally curiosity based way - what black supremacy looks like. We see the rolling of the eyes at the white neighbors, we see the murder of "innocent whites" at the hand of "innocent blacks" and we can literally feel the idea of a white supremacy slowly ceasing to exist in the duration of this film. From the moment Nyong'o corrects her son's beat drop during a heartwarming black classic, to the moment they sit there and converse with their Other or Mirrored selves in the living room - Portrait of (a) Black Family/ies suffering- we feel that there is no dichotomy. There is no differed suffering. There is only Us. And even at the end, as the family "defeats" (most) their other half out of pure self preservation we're left to wonder "Is this the correct mother? Does it matter? Do we all not need love in a specific familial way?." I mean, that's what I was left to wonder.
And though I do address issues of a glimpse of toying with black supremacy, we can't deny that the boat is a status symbol, the white rabbits are clones, and the families beneath the Santa Cruz boardwalk (a place I immediately recognized and have been going to since childhood) are the disenfranchised and unlucky souls who now belong to this "tethered" world. Black magical Realism will not save us all. Black Supremacy will not save us all. And if I hear the word "ratchet" come out of another black persons mouth one more time...So looking deeper, yes we are seeing a struggle. Is it between black and white as the movie would topographically suggest? Is it between Black have and have-nots? I had to think about this for weeks before realizing that Jordan Peele, dark  comedic genius that he is, has duped us all, and Us all. We are all human beings susceptible to oppression (in a Black Imagined world) who all subscribe to a hierarchy of Suffering and Trauma which, as Peele gently reminds us, does not truly exist. And I think maybe that is the scariest part of the film. 

Re: ratchet *non-black

Me: I want to clarify: when you talk about the imaginary hierarchy do you mean “my pain is more important than yours” logic?

Brettney: Yes. Or what society classifies as "traumatic" vs "Traumatic" If you've heard the 'Big T little t' rhetoric.

Me: I have not but I think I get that

Brettney: Do you want me to go further into it (for the sake of the gravity of it's place in the film)? Or would you rather have the underlying understanding of what that means?

Me: Oh go on! I want all your thoughts! I’ll respond to everything in order

Brettney: Hahaha awesome! There is no denying that this film, while dealing with oppression, also deals with it's physical and mental repercussions. We feel anxiety when Nyung'o's character feels her moments of anxiety. We feel irrational thinking/action when Peele's character performs it on the screen. We feel scared during this movie because so many of us (North Americans) have been diagnosed with one mental illness or another, or ten, or just have a great deal of empathy. And so on the medical field currently, something I disagree with wholly is the idea of BIG T trauma and little t trauma. This means, my therapist will ask me "...but was it reasonable to have a panic attack when no one passed you the butter?" Is this a little t or a Big T or just an overreaction? And I believe it ignores the fact that for so many North Americans, and specifically Black North Americans, life itself is traumatic. And yes, maybe it is irrational to hang on to "small grievances," but what happens when you have 500 or 1000 small grievances in a day? Can you be held accountable for the pile of trash taking up your physical brain space? How can we look at traumatizing moments - of fear, of dissent, of loss of emotional understanding - and treat them as the heap they are when we create a hierarchy around them. A stranger felt me up on the subway, "so what, worse has happened." I was abandoned by my parents, "that was a long time, let it go." I was held hostage while someone I thought I loved brutally abused me, "now we're listening." It makes no sense to compartmentalize pain, just as it makes no sense to compete for which story is the worst. Who can cry more. Who has felt more pain. Because we've all felt deep pain and it comes with the difficult task of living. Trauma is trauma and I believe that's the end of it.

Me: I like your introduction to this hierarchical talk because the film has a fascinating take on the way we now react to horror. I was laughing to myself the other day about Winston Duke recounting his body count with utter boredom to the rest of the family. The threat nullified he can only say, humorlessly, “no, I killed my self,” before rattling off the names of the close friends and colleagues whose doppelgängers he murdered. Peele proved in his sketch/character work on Key and Peele that he’s thoroughly digested the way we talk and live now, but Us is the first horror film to get an existential nagging now at the edge of our trauma now. It’s not simply that we all suffer (though that’s in there - even our manufactured negative images have existential crisis) it’s that the suffering has the quality of white noise. It’s everywhere all the time. When the tethered finally show up they’re confirmation that a lifetime of expecting things to get worse was justified because they can always get worse, which gets back to your point. Things can get worse so why worry about how bad they’ve been? 

Few directors of genre have the character of millennial depression, the moral vacuity foisted on us by the destruction of the natural world and the erosion of morays when there was a chance to renew American morality after Jim Crow. The movie putting so much importance on the banal feelgoodery of Hands across America is not accidental. In the middle of the republican party sculpting American social politics and domestic policy into a perfect system for disenfranchising black people (among others obviously). A computer programmed to keep the lower classes predominantly non-white (and the whites in that bracket fearful of blacks, Asians and Latinos - as well as sewing discord among those groups (LA Riots)) couldn’t have done a more mathematically perfect job of it than Republicans did in the 80s. Clinton’s Presidency was a brief reprieve at best, but I digress. The point is in the middle of that are absolutely meaningless gestures (Sun City, Hands Across America) that tried to tie us together even as we killed each other with policy. Us is most directly about the rift opened up in possibility. America could have become something else. Instead it became the hideous shadow of its past. Slavery? abolished, except not. Segregation? over, except not. Redlining and Gerrymandering? Whoops. And on and on and on. Us pulls up the things we pretend don’t exist out of politeness (Elisabeth Moss’ callous fake truth telling shtick putting the kind of nonsensical truths we tell in the interest of being our true selves.) and give them the fullness of being but an emptiness of purpose. Because you can’t fight a concept, you have to kill it in yourself. It’s the fallacy of a concept like the “war on terror” given human form. How do you kill the bad parts of the human condition? You can’t. You can kill your worst self but there you are, so where did it go, really? White allies can claim to be above the intangible hatreds that plague the rest of white people, but there always is the tethered self. You can say you’ve killed it but what have you done? Where is that self now?  I notice I’m driving in several different directions now but that’s part of why I love this movie: it’s brimming like a ramen pot with subtextual maybes.

Brettney: Did I mention I love you? Lol

Me: What do you make of him starting the film with Janelle and ending with Minnie Ripperton?

Brettney: I don't think I exactly noticed that, but now that you mention it I feel like that juxtaposition really sets the tone, in a lot of ways, but specifically about blackness in all of it's best and worst iterations. Minnie Ripperton was wayyy before her time, and so is Monae. And both of these artists venture in their own ways, outside of the box marked "black"

And there’s a sense of undoing the past (which Minnie Ripperton represents and transcends) in the film. And also by sort of using tropes from 70s French horror like Night of the Hunter and Fascination, rather than American horror. Picking touchstones we didn’t appreciate in their time. The minute I picked up on the Frenchness of the atmosphere I settled in a little more, stopped looking for total narrative cohesion. This is a film about atmosphere and ideas, and I didn’t care if little things were out of place. Like the colors! My god the pallet of this film. Delicious. You could reach out and touch the reds!

That was it. That was on Sunday. Her family announced her death on her facebook page this morning. The world is killing us a little at a time. I just want my illusions back, I want to believe I'll have my people forever but I won't. So many of them are already gone. I have her words. I have my version of her and I have these windows into how her incredible brain worked. I'll need them because they'll have to last me forever now.